Psychological trauma is the result of an event or events that produce
extreme stress involving intense emotions including a feeling of complete
helplessness which overwhelms a person's ability to cope. What is traumatic and how that person is impact by the
traumatic events is different for each person. Many factors
determine this including personality, attachment development, past trauma
experience, support systems, type of trauma, etc.
Trauma based therapy directly addresses the impact of traumatic
events. It is a multi-modal and phase based model that focuses on
physical, emotional, mental and sensory issues that are interfering with the
person's functioning and quality of life.
Trauma treatment is available to children from age 4 to 17. An extensive assessment is required before trauma treatment is provided that evaluates type and severity of the trauma/s, the impact of the trauma/s, other co-occurring disorders, the child's internal working model, etc. I also require clients have a complete health assessment and assess nutrition, physical activity, support systems and other self-care areas.
The primary treatment model used is Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy along with techniques from Structured
Sensory Interventions for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parents:
Strategies to Alleviate Trauma (SITCAP) and Neurosequential Model of Therapuetics.
The focus of the interventions are on addressing the core issues
that cause unhealthy behaviors and moods. Just as with a physical
illness, if the symptoms are treated without also addressing the cause of the
symptom/s the person will not heal. Parent education is also provided
throughout the course of treatment. Treatment is individualized, based on
the client’s needs, strengths, abilities, age, etc. The pace of treatment
is provided in accordance to the tolerance of the client and has no time
limits.
Trauma treatment involves 3 phrases:
1) Safety and emotional regulation - Evaluating the safety of the person
and then assisting the child to learn to "feel" and "think"
safe. Education about trauma and it's effects, awareness of feelings,
tolerance of feelings and thoughts, awareness of body sensations, the causes of
behaviors and moods and cognitive restructuring of false or inaccurate beliefs
are addressed.
2) Directly address and resolve the traumatic memories. Although
trauma memories are introduced in the first stage of treatment and continues to
be dealt with throughout the therapeutic process, it is in this stage that the
core trauma-processing work is explicitly addressed. This is primarily
done through writing, drawings and verbalizations.
3) Helping the child use what s/he has learned and further develop and
solidify the skills and strengths needed to live a healthy and productive
life. Life skills, social skills, communication techniques, problem
solving techniques, developing boundaries and values are some of the common
tasks addressed in this stage of treatment.